Supporters of Boiko Borisov, former Prime Minister and leader of center-right GERB party applaud as they wait to see him outside a polling station in Bankya, Bulgaria, Sunday May 12, 2013. Bulgarians are voting Sunday in parliamentary elections with no party expected to win a majority to form a government, fueling fears about more political and economic instability in the country. (AP Photo/Valentina Petrova)
Supporters of Boiko Borisov, former Prime Minister and leader of center-right GERB party applaud as they wait to see him outside a polling station in Bankya, Bulgaria, Sunday May 12, 2013. Bulgarians are voting Sunday in parliamentary elections with no party expected to win a majority to form a government, fueling fears about more political and economic instability in the country. (AP Photo/Valentina Petrova)
Sergey Sanishev, leader of Bulgarian Socialist Party talks to journalists after casting his vote for parliamentary elections in Sofia, Sunday, May 12, 2013. Bulgarians are voting Sunday in parliamentary elections with no party expected to win a majority to form a government, fueling fears about more political and economic instability in the country. (AP Photo/Valentina Petrova)
A demonstrator shows a poster depicting former PM Boyko Borisov, Simeon Dyankov, minister of finance and Tsvetan Tsvetanov, interior minister as prisoners during a protest against the center-right GERB party in Sofia, Saturday, May 11, 2013. Bulgarian prosecutors have stormed a printing house and seized 350,000 illegally printed ballots just hours before the start of parliamentary elections. Vote-buying and other election fraud concerns have prompted the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to dispatch its biggest monitoring mission to Bulgaria since 1990 for Sunday's vote. (AP Photo/Valentina Petrova)
A demonstrator shouts slogans during a protest against the center-right GERB party in Sofia, Saturday, May 11, 2013, after 350,000 illegally printed ballots were seized just hours before the start of parliamentary elections. Vote-buying and other election fraud concerns have prompted the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to dispatch its biggest monitoring mission to Bulgaria since 1990 for Sunday's vote. (AP Photo / Valentina Petrova)
An elderly Bulgarian casts his ballot for parliamentary elections in Sofia, Sunday, May 12, 2013. Bulgarians are voting Sunday in parliamentary elections with no party expected to win a majority to form a government, fueling fears about more political and economic instability in the country. (AP Photo/Valentina Petrova)
SOFIA, Bulgaria (AP) ? Bulgaria's center-right party and its main challenger, the Socialists, finished first and second in Sunday's parliamentary election, with neither one winning a majority needed to form a government, two exit polls indicated.
If that outcome is confirmed, it could lead to more political and economic instability in this financially strapped Balkan nation.
Some 6.9 million eligible voters were choosing among candidates from 36 parties. But voter apathy was widespread, and allegations of vote fraud and an illegal wiretapping scandal marred the campaign.
The Alpha Research exit poll said former Prime Minsiter Boiko Borisov's GERB party won 31.1 percent, with the Socialists were second with 27.1 percent. A separate exit poll by Sova Harris said Borisov's party won 31 percent of the vote, with the Socialists at 25.3 percent.
Recent opinion polls had predicted that outcome.
With up to five other parties expected to enter the 240-seat parliament, formation of a stable government may prove difficult. "I expect that the country will soon head to another election," Anton Todorov, a political analyst, said before the vote.
Bulgaria has been led by a caretaker government since February, when Borisov, who guided his Citizens for Bulgaria's European Development party to victory in 2009, resigned as prime minister amid sometimes violent protests against poverty, high utility bills and corruption.
The ex-ruling party has seen its reputation tarnished further since prosecutors alleged that former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov was responsible for illegally eavesdropping on political opponents during his term. Media leaks have also fueled suspicion that Borisov may have tried to interfere with the case.
But perhaps more than anything, Borisov's party may struggle to win the public's confidence due to economic issues. Six years after Bulgaria's entry into the European Union, the Balkan state of 7.3 million remains the bloc's poorest member.
Bulgarians have been angry over austerity measures designed to reduce public debt, which have meant cuts in health care and education programs.
Many Bulgarians feel squeezed by low wages ? the lowest in the EU at 400 euros ($524) a month ? and relentless inflation. They feel betrayed by promises that joining the EU would bring them a better life. Now, more than 22 percent of the people live below the official poverty line.
According to official statistics, the unemployment rate is 12 percent, but experts suggest that the real rate is more than 18 percent.
Allegations of vote-rigging that have accompanied elections in the past prompted five major former opposition parties to seek an independent vote count; the first such count since 1990 will be conducted by the Austrian agency SORA. More than 250 international observers monitored Sunday's election.
On Saturday, prosecutors stormed a printing house and seized 350,000 ballots that were printed over the legally fixed number.
The country's president urged Bulgarians to vote in large numbers to counter possible vote-buying practices that could influence the outcome of the race.
"As many as the scenarios may be, these do not stand any chance against millions of Bulgarians who can cast their votes for their own country and its future," Rosen Plevneliev said after casting his ballot.
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